Occiput: The dorsal, posterior point of the skull. The occiput is the farthest back part of the skull, located between the ears.
In Doberman  puppies, this is what the 'high domed' appearing part of the skull is.

Base of skull: The area where the head stops and the neck begins

Stop: The area where the nose ends and the top front of the head begins.

Hock: On the rear legs, just above the ankle. It’s the second thinnest part of the leg.

Flews: The pendulous lateral part of the upper lip, particularly at the inner corners.

Brisket: The Sternum or Breastbone.

Croup: The region of the pelvic girdle.

Withers: The withers are the highest point of the shoulder, a dogs height is measured at the withers. 
When they say a breed is 27 inches tall, they mean 27 inches measured at the withers. 

The Doberman should be as tall at the withers as he is long from the point of the chest to the rump. Lines "A" and "B" show where the dog should be 'equal' to determine if he/she is square. Often, line "A" is the longer of the two, and if this is the case, the dog is NOT square. Line "C" illustrates the depth of chest desired on a mature Doberman. 

The dogs chest should be HALF of the height of the dog at the withers. A dog who's chest does NOT meet this halfway point, lacks depth of chest.